Whole Food Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Whole Food Market - Essay Example These two are then measured through the company’s financial performance. Identification of issues Whole Foods Market with its vision to become an international brand for natural and organic foods is also committed to become the best retailer in its community wherever it is located. In line with this, the company seeks to give significant higher value for its customers. This is evident in its core values in which there are two important points that are in line with quality of its products and giving the best for their customers (Whole Foods Market 6). Part of its core values is to sell highest quality natural and organic products available. Then there is a great detail of satisfying and delighting their customers. These are just some of the important values that they need to ensure in order to continue live and satisfy their vision. In the midst of this effort to focus on its vision, there are of course strategic issues that need to be taken into consideration. One of its essen tial goals in order to achieve its corporate goals is to continue grow its revenue. Furthermore, Whole Foods Market is also concern in educating the market with its significant definition about the quality of its product and service offerings. Thus, there are three essential issues that need to be understood at this point. The first issue is about its strategic move to highly differentiate its product and service offerings. The next significant issue is about understanding its customers and feeding them with the right information. Finally, the next consideration is its ultimate measure of success which the bottom line is to look closely at its revenue and generated profit. Analysis of issues Product and service differentiation There is a clear emphasis of this issue based on the vision of Whole Foods Market. In the first place, the Whole Foods Market is significantly trying to be a cut above the other by creating relevant changes in its service and product offerings. From its vision , it wants to become an international icon for natural and organic foods. Thus, as retailer it aims to give something new to its customers. However, it is not just enough to create something new for the customers, but there is a need to ensure a need for them. In other words, prior to providing something better in the market, Whole Foods Market should ensure that it has understood the prevailing demand or need of the customers. In the first place, there is going to be a challenge on the part of Whole Foods Market because it has to clearly define beforehand what natural and organic foods are all about. This is going to take enough of its time because customers need to be widely educated or well informed about its product offerings. In this level, the Whole Foods Market is trying to create a need for its product offerings in a way that there is a significant move to educate its customers. In today’s marketing activity, companies or organizations are able to successfully create a need for their product offerings. In fact, this is the basic and most common trend for them to be able to gain a high market share. Correspondingly, the Whole Foods Market needs to successfully create a need for its service or product offerings in order to successfully employ its product differentiation strategy. In this strategy, in order for it to be effective, the Whole Foods Market should try to promote products that matters to the customers. In other words, it is important that the needs of customers should be properly addressed. Fortunately, the Whole Foods Market is trying to establish a way to improve its customer service in the event of product assistance. It opens up its

Metabolic Disorders Case Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Metabolic Disorders Case Studies - Essay Example Other risk factors to developing type II diabetes include age, race, and history of glucose intolerance, polycystic ovarian syndrome, dyslipidemia or hypertension. Some genes that were found to play a role in type II diabetes include HNF-1-alpha and beta, CEL, APF-1, BLK, INS just to mention a few (Vijan, 1). The patient may have genetic predisposition to tyoe II diabetes. The patient’s treatment shows that she is taking Ramipril which is an ACE inhibitor suggesting that her hypertension and underlying causes may have been one of the etiological factors towards her development of type II diabetes. Clinical signs of diabetes mellitus can vary depending on the stage of the disease. The main presentations include, weight loss, polydypsia, polyuria and polyphagia. Other signs that may indicate an elevated level of blood glucose include yeast infections, blurred vision and paresthesias. As mentioned above, the symptoms depend on the stage and severity of damage that has been caused to the organism by the hyperglycemic state. In the majority of patients, the disorder is undiagnosed for many years due to the asymptomatic state of patients. According to several studies, patients with type II diabetes may remain asymptomatic for approximately six years. In later cases of the disease patients may lose all sensation in the extremeties due to the development of diabetic polyneuropathy and they will also have signs of macroangiopathies. The atient had already developed Diabetic Ketoacidosis which may suggest that she has the majority of symptoms mentioned above as her condition has alread y progressed. There several different groups of drugs that have been used to treat type II diabetes. The drugs are chosen based on the lifestyle of the patient and response to different treatment plans. This is assessed by the HbA1c level of the patient which is usually targeted at 7%. The first line of treatment involves changes of lifestyle along with the use of a Biguanide

The Laugher Of The Medusa | Analysis

The Laugher Of The Medusa | Analysis Throughout history, women have been excluded from any kind of writing that could allow them the participation in the making of history and culture. Being considered as creatures of lesser rank in mental capacities and intellect, women have been, over centuries, kept in the dark by a patriarchal system that has successfully muted their needs for expression, be it physical, oral or written. In her fundamental essay The Laugh of the Medusa, Hà ©là ¨ne Cixous, French philosopher and feminist critic, openly introduces this idea of womans need for writing as a biological drive which intimately relies on her ceasing back and mastering her own body that has been violently miused by males rhetoric , as Toril Moi asserts that always and everywhere, the rational, active, masculine intellect operates on the passive, objectified, feminized body (189). Its only from the bodily experience that women, according to Cixous, can give birth to an  «Ãƒ ©criture fà ©minine  » which will subvert the phallocentric discourse of masculine writing, along with the logocentric representational system through which it functions. The purpose of this paper is to examine the key insights that the author explores in her essay, mainly the feminine writing  [1]  with the idea of sexual differences. It is, also, necessary to consider, in the following stages, how Cixous makes use of Freuds and Lacans psychoanalysis and Derridas deconstructist theory to disrupt the phallocentric assumptions, hence to break up with all forms of repression against women. A particular focus will be on the critics contribution to French feminism and Anglo-American feminist theory. Le Rire de la Mà ©duse was written by Cixous in 1975, and translated into English as The Laugh of the Medusa in 1976 by Keith Cohen and Paula Cohen. This influential essay, essentially adressing women in order to  « bring them to writing  » (Cixous 875), is expressed in a beautiful and poetic language to convey the idea of the existence of an à ©criture fà ©minine, which is already used by the author. As with many of her writings  [2]  , Cixouss The Laugh of the Medusa revises sexual differences between men and women from past to present, anticipating a future radical change in the perception of this notion which would only take shape if woman takes back a body that is hers, from the masculine repressing language, in order to employ it as a cause and effect of a new genre of writing which Cixous introduces as the feminine writing. The whole premise of the essay is that  « Woman must write her self: must write about women and bring women to writing .  » (Cixous 875). In the light of this idea, the critic goes on to relate womens writing to their bodily experiences that represent a source of desire and urge for creativity. In other words, for a woman to be able to break up with the old traditional doormat in her skin, she must trace her own body with a feminine language. As a result, women will create their own tradition of writing, embarking from the past and its repressive language. Over centuries, masculine discourse has been the dominant and the stronger one. Women had no word to say in a patriarchal universe where, as Cixous states, they were regarded as  « dark  » and  « dangerous  » (878). Women have, accordingly, developed a sense of resentment for other women and themselves under the influence of the masculine ideology. To break up with this complex, Cixous calls woman to manifest through a writing that belongs to her ; but which can neither be defined nor theorized (883) since, as it can be deduced, language is males property, and there is no room to theorize a feminine writing within the masculine dominant discourse. However, the feminine mode of writing can be described as revolutionary against the phallocentric language and thought (888). Cixouss point is to approach this genre of writing in relation to sexual differences and gender in order to demonstrate how these differences have served historico-cultural purposes to hinder womens intellect ual capacities. She goes further to discuss the traditional idea of bisexuality as neutrality- that engenders the fear of lacking  [3]  , contrasted with a bisexuality, that allows one to identify one self as having sexual orientation toward the two sexes. From this equation, Cixous concludes that  « woman is bisexual  » by the nature of her organs and the turning shifts of events; whereas man cannot be so without losing his phallocentric masculine identity (884). In the same way, she believes that writing is bisexual, for women should write to women and men without no exclusion. Throughout the article, Cixous sensibilizes women to the urgent need of a universal revolution against the phallocentric discourse to which they have been the signified subject. By creating their a discourse of their own, women will fly through and, at the same time, steal back that which is already theirs  [4]  , their voices that have been repressed. The author points out to the fact that this subjugation has resulted in creating a female voice consciousness which, aware of the difficulties that women have undergone, reclaims their socio-cultural identity and their natural rights. She also argues for womens freedom to have children or not to have any, without being  « threatened  » or blamed for the choices they make in life (890). The main purpose of this study is to analyze the key insights that Cixous discusses in The Laugh of the Medusa, along with the major influences that affect her writing, namely the Derridian deconstruction and psychoanalytical theory. As its title indicates, the essay includes the  « Medusa  » as a metaphor to portray womans beauty, oppression and intelligence at the same time. By using this Greek mythical figure  [5]  , Cixous hits two birds with one stone : she firstly alludes to women being treated badly by their male counterparts, as Medusa was once ill-treated and raped. On the other hand, the author also hints to womens jealousy of and hatred to other women under the influence of the masculine worldview. Cixous goes on to develop this idea when she argues that men  « have committed the greatest crime against women. Insidiously, violently, they have led them to hate women, to be their own enemies  ». In the same way, the Medusas metaphor is associated with the modern psychoanalytic interpretations of Sigmund Freud who refers to the Medusas head as  « the supreme talisman who provides the image of castration associated in the childs mind with the discovery of maternal sexuality and its denial  » (Freud). Cixous takes on the idea of castration, by which the phallocentric mind is haunted, and relates it to the Medusas image so as to prove that man is unconsciously weak at the sight of the feminine sex, to the point that he is  « consumed, as Freud and his followers note, by a fear of being a woman  » (884). At this level, the critic implicitly alludes to the French psychoanalytist Jacques Lacan, who follows Freud in his concept of Wunsch  [6]  to arrive at a  « desire  » that is associated with a lack. According to Lacans theory of Lack, as explained by Joel Dor in his Introduction to the Re ading of Lacan, womans desire towards the masculine body does not originate from the body itself as the object of desire ; rather, it originates from her lacking a penis ( Dor 236). Ironically, Cixous refutes this  « phallocratic  » analysis arguing that her personal desire of the other is for the other, and that  « a desire originating from a lack  » is much poor and lacking(891). She goes further to criticize women who madly fetishize the masculine sex, treating them of  « the woman of yesterday  » who is either kept in the dark ages, idolizing the traditional way the big penis takes her ; or falsely modernized with naive virtuous thinking as Cixous affirms here :  « They still exist, easy and numerous victims of the oldest of farces: either theyre cast in the original silent version in which, as titanesses lying under the mountains they make with their quivering, they never see erected that theoretic monument to the golden phallus looming, in the old manner, over their bodies. Or, coming today out of their infans period and into the second, enlightened version of their virtuous de-basement, they see themselves suddenly assaulted by the builders of the analytic empire and, as soon as theyve begun to formulate the new desire, naked, nameless, so happy at making an appearance, theyre taken in their bath by the new old men, and then, whoops! Luring them with flashy signifiers, the demon of interpretation  » (892) Following this idea, Cixous is harshly attacking the masculine phallocentric values in the personae of Freud and Lacan, whom she accuses of exploiting the new version of  « modern  » woman to satisfy their sexual needs while theyre reducing them to an inferior and negative position. One cannot understand Cixouss ideas without going back to the Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalytic theories. If we examine Freuds interpretation of sexual differences which place man in a superior position for biological reasons  [7]  , it would then be obvious why he has been criticized by feminists  [8]  , including Cixous. Though she mainly builds her theoretical legacy on psychoanalysis, precisely Freuds, Cixous uses this latters analysis of developmental theory and gender roles -which are based on the biological differences between man and woman- as a counter-argument to assert that, though there is a sexual difference, women should be treated equally, and not in terms of the Lacanian binary oppositions, as she states :  « writing has been run by a libidinal and cultural-hence political, typically masculine-economy; that this is a locus where the repression of women has been perpetuated, over and over, more or less consciously, and in a manner thats frightening since its often hidden or adorned with the mystifying charms of fiction; that this locus has grossly exaggerated all the signs of sexual opposition (and not sexual difference), where woman has never her turn to speak  ». (879) In the same way, Cixous criticizes Lacans theory of phallocentrism which posits the phallus in the centre of the masculine being. Furthermore, the critic employs this primacy of the phallus in the Derridian deconstructist critique of logocentrism to coin the term  « phallogocentrism  », which refers to a (superior) masculine language centered upon the phallus, opposed to a (deficient) feminine language which lacks a phallus. In other words, her writing is a deconstructist one through which she undermines the phallocentric ideology that dominates language (Tidd 98). In addition to the medusas image which is used by the author to overcome Freuds  « castration  » and Lacans  « lack  », is the metaphor of Dora  [9]  that strongly disturbs Freuds legacy in psychoanalysis and therapy. When she directly adresses Dora as  « the true mistress of the Signifier  » (886), Cixous evokes the story of humiliated girl who was manipulated by her father as a pawn in a sexual game between him and his mistresss husband, and later by Freuds therapy that tried to convince her of the necessity to play the game. As a result, the girl was a subject of a double oppression, applied firstly by the father, and secondly by Freud. The case of Dora in the essay, if it alludes to patriarchal ideology and oppression of the females voice, it does not fail to deconstruct the Freudian assumptions of male superiority and the Lacanian theory of  « the Name of the Father  » which prescribes the father as a symbol of law and order. For Cixous, the name of Dora repr esents more than an example of the psychological violence caused by males oppression; she rather employs it as an icon of females revolution and manifest (Showalter 332). The Laugh of the Medusa is the most significant example of Cixouss  « à ©criture feminine  ». Rich of artistic metaphors and innovative ideas, this influential essay is inscribed as a fundamental work of art within literary and critical theory. Influenced by the deconstructist and differentialist thought, Cixouss writing has been effective in undermining the patriarchal dominance over language. By revising the question of sexual differences existing in the psychoanalytical theories of Freud and Lacan, she deconstructs the equation of the binary oppositions applied to the couple man-woman, while intelligently adopting the difference to prove the equality rather than the opposition between the sexes. The idea is recognized through feminist critiques like Shiachs  « Their Symbolic Exists- it Holds Power  » in which she notes :  « Cixous has represented the process of differentiation in more social terms, and has offered the possibility of more hopeful conclusions: the construction of new sorts of identity, which cut across dual hierarchized oppositions  ».( 165) Her poetic language and feminine style is a demonstration of what she calls  « à ©criture fà ©minine  ». Influenced by her reading of James Joyce and Virginia Woolf, Cixous seems to take up their experimentation and modernist mode of writing, herded with a feminine sensual voice and experience, as essential features of a new form, which is the feminine writing. Consequently, introducing this idea, among many others, into the critical theory has undoubtedly made of Cixous one of the most prominent figures of French feminism. When translated into English, Cixouss The Laugh has gained international interest, mainly by Anglo-American feminists. Admittedly, the author has been often criticized  [10]  for considering the sexual differences and making them as a basis for her argument, which, for certain critiques, cannot but reinforce the unequality, hence, repression. To make sense of her ideas, however, one has to contextualize them within a poststructuralist framework. Being a deconstructist par-excellence, Cixous emphasizes the differences in order to deconstruct them. For a deep understanding of her writing, it is crucial to be familiar with psychoanalytical concepts of Freud and his readers, so as to make sense of them in a Cixousian shape. Karen L. Taylor recognizes Cixouss legacy, against Morag Shiachs critique  [11]  , when she states : Furthermore, through her writing, Cixous engages in a psychoanalytical exploration of the feminine. Reading and writing are, for her, the means to grapple with the enigma of male / female relations. She has been criticized for her psychoanalytical style, influenced by Jacques Lacan, and marked by a superabundance of images. Nonetheless, Cixous has been instrumental in establishing a new form of literature that lies somewhere between myth and novel.  » ( 70) What Cixous does is more than claiming equal civil rights for women with regards to their male counterpart. What she does is deconstructing the patriarchal language that hierachizes woman into inferior positions, calling at the meanwhile for a new mode of writing that inscribes the feminine as equal to the masculine, hence, anticipating a possibility of change in social structures. Through the  « à ©criture fà ©minine  », the feminine body  « will produce far more radical effects of political and social changes than some might like to think  » ( Cixous 882).

The Get All Intelligence System :: essays research papers

The Get All Intelligence System The Get All Intelligence System is a unique multi-dimensional online database. It is an analytical tool for gathering, managing, distributing and analyzing data to improve strategic and tactical decision making. With this system each cell within a branch office can work fully autonomous or executing multiple simultaneous courses of action. Your company will now be able to benefit from corporate data by transforming it into information crucial to your executives decision-making process. The Get all database has numerous advantages over other systems; it has a quick, efficient, cost-effective, rapid response due to the direct down link connectivity. This 3-D system is used to support over 15,000 users worldwide. The Get All Intelligence System will be a NT based program and able to be crossed to Unix based systems if needed. The Get All Intelligence System is dynamic and easy enough to handle the end user requests by allowing the transformation and reconfiguration of intelligence to fit everyone's unique needs. This program is so flexible that it includes the ability to add as many columns that is needed. Information from The Get All Intelligence System is supplied to employees based on their own research requests. Depending the results of your request, it might offer a proposition to alternate the courses of action to its operators. This will reduce unnecessary information and wasted time especially when time constraints are critical. With a click of a button, your managers and sales cell can look at their own gathered information by product, by product line, or by customer. Managers can use The Get All database to look at statistics in their region and compare them with invoiced statistics from that day, including year-to-date and month-to-date analysis. Regional managers will have access to their regi on's data only. The headquarters office will be able to access any information that is collected by any branch office. Business intelligence is only a coffee cup away. The installation process will be simple containing a self-running, 25-minute tutorial installation CD and a complete software documentation package. The design will be simple with only one data set created. It will perform as if it has been configured with thousands of data sets. Only one IT computer programmer will be required. A few codes will be needed to ensure secure connections can be incorporated on unsecured machines. The security features ensure appropriate access to all sales analysis data at any and every level within the business.

Essay on ‘Rapid population growth’ Essay

The increase population in demand in resources will sparks the competition between the producers. The evolve of technology will help the population to develop. China is one of many countries that is taking the advantages of the rapid population. Population & development The world has been going through many changes recently. Two of the most noticeable changes are increase in population and development. Population Growth is a bane? There are two major theories supporting the populating growth being a bane. The two theories are: 1.Thomas Malthus theory Malthus theory claims that there is no way food supply can keep up with the population growth. Malthus believes that population will exceed food supply. 2.Coale & Hoover theory  Coale & Hoover theory believes that the increase in population will cause the people in government to spend more money in housings, schools and hospitals. They all have to spend portion of their income and have less savings. Conclusion of the theory: High population growth causes poor socio- economic development Policy Implications: Government should intervene to control population for example china one child policy Limitation of this theory: -Assumed economic growth as a function of only capital growth -Does not take into account the changes in technology and labor quality (through better heath and schooling of new generation) -Empirical evidence: Relationship not consistently negative (Blanchet) Two of the many theories supporting the population growth being a boon/blessing are (optimistic theory): 1.Ester Boserup  Ester Boserup claims that there is enough food to feed the world. The problem is the distribution of those goods. The improvement in agriculture tools allows from increase production rate. Urban farming is suggested for raising population. We will have more food available to our population if we have more producers. Urban farming can be one of the producers. 2.Julian Simon Simon believed that human innovation can satisfy many problems. He argues that population growth does not necessarily led to the resource depletion. He claims that we need problems to improve and they led to improvements. He mentioned that the more we use, the more we make. 3.Boserup -Population growth exerts a positive influence on economic development. -Human ingenuity would create the technology to overcome any environmental constraints to development (Boserup, Julion Simon).

Software Licensing Over Software Piracy

In 1993 worldwide illegal copying of domestic and international software cost $12. 5 billion to the software industry, with a loss of $2. 2 billion in the United States alone. Estimates show that over 40 percent of U. S. software company revenues are generated overseas, yet nearly 85 percent of the software industry's piracy losses occurred outside of the United States borders. The Software Publishers Association indicated that approximately 35 percent of the business software in the United States was obtained illegally, which 30 percent of the piracy occurs in corporate settings. In a corporate etting or business, every computer must have its own set of original software and the appropriate number of manuals. It is illegal for a corporation or business to purchase a single set of original software and then load that software onto more than one computer, or lend, copy or distribute software for any reason without the prior written consent of the software manufacturer. Many software managers are concerned with the legal compliance, along with asset management and costs at their organizations. Many firms involve their legal departments and human resources in regards to software distribution Information can qualify to be property in two ways; patent law and copyright laws which are creations of federal statutes, pursuant to Constitutional grant of legislative authority. In order for the government to prosecute the unauthorized copying of computerized information as theft, it must first rely on other theories of information-as-property. Trade secret laws are created by state law, and most jurisdictions have laws that criminalize the violations of a trade-secret holder's rights in the secret. The definition of a trade secret varies somewhat from state to state, but commonly have the same elements. For example, AThe information must be secret, Anot of public knowledge or of general knowledge in the trade or business, a court will allow a trade secret to be used by someone who discovered or developed the trade secret independently or if the holder does not take adequate precautions to protect the secret. In 1964 the United States Copyright Office began to register software as a form of literary expression. The office based its decision on White-Smith Music Co. v. Apollo , where the Supreme Court determined that a piano roll used in a player piano did not infringe upon copyrighted music because the roll was part of a mechanical evice. Since a computer program is textual, like a book, yet also mechanical, like the piano roll in White-Smith, the Copyright Office granted copyright protection under the rule of doubt. In 1974, Congress created the Natural Commission on New Technological Uses (CONTU) to investigate whether the evolving computer technology field outpaced the existing copyright laws and also to determine the extent of copyright protection for computer programs. CONTU concluded that while copyright protection should extend beyond the literal source code of a computer program, evolving case law should determine the extent of protection. The commission also felt copyright was the best alternative among existing intellectual property protective mechanisms, and CONTU rejected trade secret and patents as viable protective mechanisms. The CONTU report resulted in the 1980 Computer Software Act, and the report acts as informal legislative history to aid the courts in interpreting the In 1980 The Copyright Act was amended to explicitly include computer programs. Title 17 to the United States Code states that it is illegal to make or to distribute copies of copyrighted material without authorization, except for the user's right to make a single ackup copy for archival purposes. Any written material (including computer programs) fixed in a tangible form (written somewhere i. e. printout) is considered copyrighted without any additional action on the part of the author. Therefore, it is not necessary that a copy of the software program be deposited with the Copyright Office in Washington, D. C. for the program to be protected as copyrighted. With that in mind then a copyright is a property right only. In order to prevent anyone from selling your software programs, you must ask a court (federal) to stop that person by an injunction and to give you amages for the injury they have done to you by selling the program. The Software Rental Amendments Act Public Law 101-650) was approved by Congress in 1990, this Act prohibits the commercial rental, leasing or lending of software without the express written permission of the copyright holder. An amendment to Title 18 to the United States Code was passed by Congress in 1992. This amendment. Known as Public Law 102-561 made software piracy a federal offense, and instituted criminal penalties for copyright infringement of software. The penalties can include imprisonment of up to five years, ines up to $250,000 or both for unauthorized reproduction or distribution of 10 or more copies of software with a total retail Under United States law duplicating software for profit, making multiple copies for use by different users within an organization, and giving an unauthorized copy to someone else – is prohibited. Under this law if anyone is caught with the pirated software, an individual or the individual's company can be tried under both civil and criminal law. A Civil action may be established for injunction, actual damages (which includes the infringer=s profits) or statutory damages up to $100,000 per infringement. The criminal penalties for copyright infringement can result in fines up to $250,000 and a jail term up to five years for the first offense and ten years for a second offense or both. When software is counterfeit or copied, the software developer loses their revenue and the whole software industry feels the effect of piracy. All software developers spend a lot of time and money in developing software for public use. A portion of every dollar spent in purchasing original software is funneled back into research and development of new software. Software piracy can be found in three forms: software counterfeiting, which is he illegal duplication and sale of copyrighted software in a form that is designed to make it appear to be a legitimate program; Hard disk loading, whereby computer dealers load unauthorized copies of software onto the hard disks of personal computers, which acts as an incentive for the end user to buy the hardware from that particular dealer; and downloading of copyrighted software to users connected by modem to electronic bulletin boards and/or the Internet. When software is pirated the consumer pays for that cost by new software and/or upgrade version being very expensive. Federal appellate courts in the U. S. have determined that operating systems, object code and software cotained in ROMs are protected by copyright, and some lower federal courts have also determined that microcode (the instructions set on microprocessor chips), and the look and feel of computer screens is subject to copyright protection. Which leads to the problems of the widespread development of multimedia applications that has brought out major problems in clearing copyright for small elements of text, The United States Government has been an active participant in protecting the rights of the software industry. When the Business Software Alliance (BSA) conducts a raid, Federal Marshals or local law enforcement officials participate also. An organization known as the Software Publishers Association (SPA) is the principal trade association of the PC software industry. SPA works closely with the FBI and has also an written enforcement manual for the FBI to help them investigate pirate bulletin board systems and organizations (audits). With the help of the FBI, the result of enforcement actions resulted in recoveries from anti-piracy actions totaling $16 million The Software Publishers Association (SPA) funds a educational rogram to inform individuals and corporations about software use and the law. This program provides all PC users with the tools needed to comply with copyright law and become software legal. The SPA also publishes brochures free of charge about the legal use of software for individuals and businesses. Also available to help corporations understand the copyright law is a 12-minute videotape, which is composed of the most commonly asked questions and answers to them. The video tape is available in French and Spanish and all together over 35,000 copies of the tape had been sold. SPA has also compiled a free Self-Audit Kit with which organizations can examine their software use practices. Included in the kit, is a software inventory management program designed to help an organization track their commercial software programs that are on all hard disks. The program searches PC hard disks for more than 1300 of the most common programs used in Also available is the SPA Software Management Guide which helps companies audit their current software policies, educate employees about the legal use of software, and establish procedures to purchase, register, upgrade and backup computing systems. The guide in ddition also provides an Internal Controls Analysis and Questionnaire. The guide also contains all of the SPA's current anti-piracy materials. The U. S. software industry is facing the challenges of more sophisticated network environments, greater competition among software companies along with hardware manufacturers. At this moment more software than ever before is distributed on a high volume, mass marketed basis. There are many types of software out on the market and increasing every day. They range from graphical user interfaces for application programs such as mass-market spreadsheets, to more sophisticated technical software sed to design integrated circuits. The use of software plays a more vital role daily in our lives such as embedded software, which is critical to equipment in locations as a doctor=s office or an automotive shop. The instrument and devices found there depend more and more on software, because software provides the flexibility to meet the many different needs to the end user. As our lives our shaped and enhanced more by technology, there is already a greater demand One of the main concerns of the software industry is how to deal with the issues of Asoftware licensing. More and more customers ant customized software suited for their business or personal need, and expect the software development firms to accommodate to their wishes. The other side of this issue is that software development firms are concerned with unrealized revenue and excess costs in the form of software piracy, unauthorized use, excess discounts and lengthened sales cycles. For the customer and the software development firm, both have high administrative costs in regards to software programs. Software licensing policies were originally a result of software developers' need to protect their revenue base in the face of otential piracy. Product delivery for software is made up of a number of different components, which are referred to as ‘software licensing'. The following factors are taken into consideration when determining a cost for a ‘software license'; physical delivery pricing, metric discounts, license periods support and maintenance, license management Tech support, change in use bug fixes and Platform Migration Product enhancements. The most commonly found type of software license found in business is known as a, ‘Network license'. There are four types of categories that are classified as a network Concurrent use licenses authorized a specified number of users to access and execute licensed software at any time. Site licenses authorize use at a single site, but are slowly being phased out and replaced by enterprise licenses. Enterprise licenses cover all sites within a corporation because of more virtual computing environments. Node licenses are also slowly being phased out because they are mainly used in a client/server environment, since the licensed software may be used only on a specified workstation in which a user must log on to in order to access and execute the software application. Currently the rend in a network system is to use measurement software, which allows vendors to be more flexible in licensing arrangements. This management software monitors and restricts the number of users or clients who may access and execute the application software at any one time. This is significant because a user pays only for needed use and a vendor can monitor such use to protect intellectual property. A new type of license that is emerging is known as a, ‘currency-based license'. This type of license work on the basis that it provides to the end user a specified dollar amount of software licenses. For example, licenses or different business application software, so long as the total value in use at a given time is less than dollars. Another type of license emerging is known as a ‘platform-independent' licensing, which one license permits software to be used on a variety of different computer systems within a business, instead of buying a different license for each version of the same software used by different systems. The most common type of licensing is known as ‘Shrink-wrap', the concept behind this that the licenses terms are deemed accepted once the end user breaks a shrink-wrap seal or opens a sealed envelope ontaining the software. A reason for these new types of licensing emerging is that when software licensing was first introduced, the software development firms assumed that most businesses would use the software for a 8 to 10 hour period. Yet, did not take into consideration that with the advancement of technology, more businesses would want a ‘floating license' across the world for 24 hours – thus it was not cost effective for the software development firm. A floating license is a license that is made available to anyone on a network. The licenses are not ‘locked' to particular workstations, nstead they Afloat to modes on the network. Shareware, freeware and public domain are different type of software available to the end user, and are distinguished by different rules about how programs may be distributed, copied, used and modified. The term ‘shareware' refers to software that is distributed at a low cost, but which requires usually a payment after a certain time period and registration for full use. Copies of this software are offered on a trial basis, the end user is free to try a scaled down version of the program. If the end user wants the shareware program, ncluded in the program is information specifying how to register the program and what fee is required. Once registered the end user will typically receive a printed manual, an updated copy of the software (often with additional features), and the legal right to use the program in their home or business. The advantage that shareware has is that it lets the end user thoroughly test a program to see if it=s useful before making a purchase. The authors of shareware programs retain their copyright on the contents, and as other copyrighted Freeware is also distributed at a very low cost and like hareware is found mainly on the Internet. The authors of the freeware program do not expect payment for their software. Typically, freeware programs are small utilities or incomplete programs that are released by authors for the potential benefit to others, but the drawback to this is that there is no technical support. Public domain software is generally found on the Internet and is released without any condition upon its use. It may be copied, modified and distributed as the end user wishes to do. A license manager is a system utility-like application that controls or monitors the use of another end-user pplication. It is generally implemented to protect intellectual property (meaning to stop illegal copying) and/or to become more competitive by offering new ways in which to evaluate, purchase and pay for software. Since the license manager controls the number of application users, there is not a need to control the number of application copies. This process lets the end user run one or more applications between machines, without violating the terms of the SPA has created a program that companies can use to help discover and correct problems before they result in legal actions, fines and also negative publicity.

Thematic Comparison of Harrison Bergeron and the Incredibles Essays

Thematic Comparison of Harrison Bergeron and the Incredibles Essays Thematic Comparison of Harrison Bergeron and the Incredibles Paper Thematic Comparison of Harrison Bergeron and the Incredibles Paper Thematic Comparison of â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† and The Incredibles â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† and The Incredibles are similar stories that both express equality amongst everybody. In the short story â€Å"Harrison Bergeron†, the residents of the city have no choice but to have their individual abilities handicapped. When it comes to The Incredibles, the protagonists are not allowed to use their special abilities to save citizens within the city. Although the abilities these characters have are natural, they are prevented from using them in the community and they are told to keep their powers to themselves. An example in â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† is when people who are above average considering knowledge, are to use an ear radio which blasts unusual sounds which prevents the individual from thinking in depth. This is used so that no one has more knowledge and understanding than another individual in the community. A similar situation appeared in the movie The Incredibles, where Dash was not allowed to participate in any kind of sport related activity because he had an ability which allows him to run real fast which would give away their family secret of them being superheroes. In both stories their individual characteristics were taken away from them making no one unique and to show equality. When comparing both stories the only difference is that in â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† their talents were handicapped so everyone could be equal, and in The Incredibles the superheroes were to hide their special powers to protect their real identity and keep their family safe. Talents that people have are not there to be kept for themselves but to be shared with the rest of the world and take on new challenges.

Top 3 Secrets to Getting Hired for Any Job

Top 3 Secrets to Getting Hired for Any Job Finding it hard to stay ahead of the competition? Do you feel completely lacking in confidence when it comes to seeking out, applying for, and interviewing at prospective jobs? According to a LinkedIn expert who focuses on market shifts and analyzes how applicants can get ahead of the competition, there are three secrets you should keep in mind while job searching to increase your chances of getting hired for any job. 1. Focus not on who you know, but who your contacts knowThe number of people actively looking for work increased steadily over the past few years. But as of May 2016, 5.5 million jobs were still open. More employers are looking for top class talent and more workers are hoping to switch to better companies or fields. The way to use this to your advantage is to tap into your network. Companies prefer to hire candidates referred by a source they trust. Even if you don’t know someone at a company you’re applying to, figure out who you know that might know some one there.And remember: it’s often not your sister or best friend who’ll land you your next job. It could be anyone: your babysitter’s aunt, your coworker’s former neighbor, etc. First degree connections are great, but not the be all and end all. Think bigger than your immediate circle and branch out to use your whole network. Accept the third degree.2. Focus not on what your degree says, but what you actually knowYour major doesn’t matter that much. Besides, industries are changing so much and so rapidly these days that it is almost impossible to predict what the best field of study would be to land the work that will be most in demand–or how to meet the expanding demands of that industry. Focus on proving yourself to be a lifelong learner. Constantly accept opportunities to build new skills. Choose a field of study that gives you the broadest swatch of skill and knowledge. And then figure out how to put what you know into the proper contex t for any given job. Always think about how your particular group of skills could translate the position you’re applying for, and focus on communicating that.3. Focus on the power you do haveIt can feel powerless to be on the job market, but it doesn’t have to. Advances in technology and the gig economy mean that power is ever-shifting into the hands of job seekers. Be ready to wield it. Keep an eye on the market and be ready to pounce on new opportunities. It soon may be the case that companies come looking for you when you’re in the market for a challenging new opportunity. Until then, keep an open mind, and build your brand.

The Pros and Cons of Year-Round School

The Pros and Cons of Year-Round School Year-round school in the United States is neither a new concept nor an unusual one. Traditional school calendars and year-round schedules both provide students with about 180 days in the classroom. But instead of taking off much of the summertime, year-round school programs take a series of shorter breaks throughout the year. Advocates say the shorter breaks make it easier for students to retain knowledge and are less disruptive to the learning process. Detractors say the evidence to support this assertion is unconvincing. Traditional School Calendars Most public schools in America operate on the 10-month system, which gives students 180 days in the classroom. The school year typically begins a few weeks before or after Labor Day and concludes around Memorial Day, with time off during Christmas and New Years and again around Easter. This school schedule has been the default since the earliest days of the nation when the U.S. was still an agrarian society, and children were needed to work in the fields during the summer. Year-Round Schools Educators began experimenting with a more balanced school calendar in the early 1900s, but the idea of a year-round model didnt really catch on until the 1970s. Some advocates said it would help students retain knowledge. Others said it could help schools reduce overcrowding by staggering start times throughout the year.   The most common application of year-round education uses the 45-15 plan. Students attend school for 45 days, or about nine weeks, then take off for three weeks, or 15 school days. The normal breaks for holidays and spring remain in place with this calendar. Other ways to organize the calendar include the 60-20 and 90-30 plans. Single-track year-round education involves an entire school using the same calendar and getting the same holidays off. Multiple-track year-round education puts groups of students in school at different times with different vacations. Multitracking usually occurs when school districts want to save money. PeopleImages / Getty Images Arguments in Favor As of 2017, nearly 4,000 public schools in the U.S. follow a year-round schedule- around 10 percent of the nations students. Some of the most common reasons in favor of year-round schooling are as follows: Students tend to forget a lot during the summer, and shorter vacations might increase retention rates.School buildings unused in the summer are wasted resources.Short breaks provide time for students to receive enrichment education.Remediation can occur when it is most needed during the school year.Students get bored during the long break of summer.It gives families more options for scheduling vacations, rather than restricting travel to summertime.Other countries around the world use this system.Schools on year-round schedules can accommodate more students through multitracking. Rushay Booysen / EyeEm / Getty Images Arguments Against Opponents say year-round schooling hasnt proven to be as effective as its advocates claim. Some parents also complain that such schedules make it more difficult to plan family vacations or child care. Some of the most common arguments against year-round schools include: Studies have not conclusively proven the academic benefits.Students forget information just as easily with a three-week break as 10. Therefore, teachers on a year-round system end up with four periods of review instead of just one at a new school year.Summer programs such as youth camps suffer.Student summer employment becomes virtually impossible.Many older school buildings do not have air conditioning, making a year-round schedule impractical.Band and other extracurricular programs can run into problems scheduling practices and competitions, which often take place during the summer months.With multitracking, parents could have students at the same school on different schedules. School administrators considering year-round education should identify their goals and investigate whether a new calendar can help achieve them. When implementing any significant change, involving all stakeholders in the decision and the process improves the outcome. If students, teachers, and parents dont support a  new schedule, a transition could be difficult. Sources National Education Association staff. Research Spotlight on Year-Round Education. NEA.org, 2017. Niche.com staff. Schools Without Summer Break: An In-Depth Look at Year-Round Schooling. Niche.com, 12 April 2017. Weller, Chris. Year-Round School is Booming but Its Benefits Are Overhyped. BusinessInsider.com, 5 June 2017. Zubrzycki, Jacklyn. Year-Round Schooling Explained. Edweek.org, 18 December 2015.

Discussion Topics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Topics - Assignment Example If power is centralized, an abusive government can come into existence and misuse the state of security, to cause massive and unreasonable destruction to both the United States and other nations. Divisive power observes control and regulation in decision-making. The American constitutional structure has advantages such as the practice of pragmatism, which is very relevant and applicable to a country as large as the United States of America. The constitutional structure creates laboratories of democracy. There is experimentation of policies and state governments can learn from the successes and failures of other states. It helps set a state of political stability by separating national government from areas of contentious issues. Finally, the constitutional structure helps encourage pluralism i.e. by expanding to local, state and national levels. By separating powers, it prevents tyranny (Beard & William 87). The disadvantages of the constitutional structure include prevention of national policy. It lacks single policy on issues i.e. each state with its own and this causes confusion. It also leads to lack of accountability; the overlap of state and national boundaries makes it hard to assign blame on policies that have failed. To other democracies, the structure of the constitution depends on the geographical and political coverage. Small nations would function well with parliamentary systems, but to fully practice democracy, federalism would be the most effective. Members of the public should be adequately informed on the issues of governance and politics in order to fully practice democracy. This also helps in the monitoring of the activities of the people in authority. Ignorance would definitely reduce the effectiveness of a democratic nation. Most of the Americans, however, are not well equipped with this information to guide the policies of the

Formulate Goals and a Statement of Intent Assignment

Formulate Goals and a Statement of Intent - Assignment Example The velocity of sound in air is different from the velocity of sound within the tube; this is because of the walls of the tube. A closed tube resonate if the length of the tube is  ¼ the wavelength. The tube can also resonate if the wavelength is 3/4, 5/4, and 7/4. Since the air that is in contact with the water surface cannot move. The length of air column must be equivalent to the odd multiple of  ¼ wavelength of the sound wave. However, the distance between two adjacent water levels, which correspond to resonance will be exactly  ½ of wavelength as shown in the figure below. The resonance gives an easy way vary the length of the closed tube. Holding a vibrating turning fork at a fixed location the height of the water level was varied. This was used to record the height h when resonance occurs. Notation was made regarding the relative pitch of sound. Two frequencies was used Although the folk vibrate at different frequency the frequency were related; the first frequency is half the second frequency. This is because the height was reduced by half. The frequency measured was also consistent with the turning folk and the sound sensor measurement. Closed tube sound waves are always reflected back and forth inside the tube. The length of the tube is the correct multiple of ÃŽ »; the bouncing wave can resonate in the tube. Standing wave will be produced in the tube sending waves of known frequency. Increasing the length of the tube increases the loudness (resonating). A wave occurs when a string or air is set into vibration, the wave have velocity and frequency for it to travel. When two waves travel in two opposite direction, the interference between the two creates a phenomenon known as standing wave. The wave has got both nodes and antinodes. It is the resonance of the wave that is vibrating the air; this creates musical sounds which are mostly used in

Conflict Management Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conflict Management Styles - Essay Example Prevention of conflicts can have dire consequences on productivity. This is because it is through conflict resolution that underlying issues affecting the employees are resolved. It is also through conflict that eventually people get to understand each other and hence work better together in future. There are many approaches that are used by organizations to deal with conflict at the workplace and of course each approach yields different outcomes. Some of these conflict management approaches include avoidance, negotiation, arbitration, litigation or dismissal and transfer of irreconcilable employees. In most cases organizations will apply a combination of two or more conflict management tactics. In my workplace the popular conflict management approach used is avoidance. This approach takes the form of simply ignoring conflicts among employees in the hope that the issues of contention will disappear. Needless to say this approach only suppresses conflict and aggravates the problems. With time the conflicts become irrepressible and erupt to scandals. Disgruntled employees sabotage office resources and in case the conflict is among co-workers the scenario may take to physical confrontation. This tarnishes the image and reputation that an organization takes so much to build. Another approach used at my workplace is instant transfer of one or both parties to the conflict and in some cases dismissal. This approach has its pros and cons in that transfers can have an adverse effect on the employee and the same for dismissal. However, other times it has been used to dilute tension betwee n worker with bad blood. Separation thus seems to be very logical. Management at the workplace should ensure that it refrains from using such a technique. The techniques used at my workplace contradict with my personal conflict management preferences at varying degrees. I highly believe that avoiding a problem in the hope that it goes away does not help. Communication is crucial to conflict management. It is important to note that conflict mounts slowly from simple arguments then accumulates to intolerable tensions culminating to conflicts. Management can contain and dissolve these arguments and tensions before it translates to conflict. This is possible by monitoring employee relations and identifying potential conflicts. (Nelson & Quick, 2006). In addition, frequent open discussions among the employees and the management can help to quell discontent felt by the workforce before it matures to conflicts and scandal. Further, proper channels and policies that clearly outline the organization's stance on conflict and the expected code of conduct at the organization can help to alleviate conflict. For example, harassment is popular at th e workplace because the organizations lack clear cut rules and regulations to govern relationship among people in the workforce. Women especially fall victim to sexual harassment from their bosses and managers and in most cases feel helpless and turn to conflict in order to grab attention of others. If proper codes of conduct are placed then conflicts at the workplace can be managed. Another shortfall of transfers and dismissal of parties to conflict is that it assumes that only main participants are

Sources of Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sources of Finance - Assignment Example The author of the paper states that ordinary shares are issued to the owners of a company. They have a nominal or 'face' value, typically of $1 or 50 cents. The market value of a quoted company's shares bears no relationship to their nominal value, except that when ordinary shares are issued for cash, the issue price must be equal to or be more than the nominal value of the shares.  "Deferred ordinary shares are a form of ordinary shares, which are entitled to a dividend only after a certain date or if profits rise above a certain amount. Voting rights might also differ from those attached to other ordinary shares.  "Preference shares have a fixed percentage dividend before any dividend is paid to the ordinary shareholders. As with ordinary shares, a preference dividend can only be paid if sufficient distributable profits are available, although with 'cumulative' preference shares the right to an unpaid dividend is carried forward to later years. The arrears of dividend on cumula tive preference shares must be paid before any dividend is paid to the ordinary shareholders.  "Loan stock has a nominal value, which is the debt owed by the company, and interest is paid at a stated "coupon yield" on this amount. For example, if a company issues 10% loan stocky the coupon yield will be 10% of the nominal value of the stock, so that $100 of stock will receive $10 interest each year. The rate quoted is the gross rate, before tax.  "Debentures are a form of loan stock, legally defined as the written acknowledgment of a debt incurred by a company, normally containing provisions about the payment of interest and the eventual repayment of capital. "Loan stock and debentures will often be secured. Security may take the form of either a fixed charge or a floating charge. "For any company, the amount of earnings retained within the business has a direct impact on the number of dividends. Profit re-invested as retained earnings are profit that could have been paid as a d ividend.  

Centre for Renewable Energy Sources Literature review

Centre for Renewable Energy Sources - Literature review Example Ocean wave’s energy is solar energy in its concentrated form. Cruz (2008) describes the process of wave creation as follows: â€Å"the sun produces temperature differences across the globe, causing winds that blow over the ocean surface. These cause ripples, which grow into swells.† (p.1) Ocean waves are distinguished by the highest level of energy density in comparing with other energy sources. Brooke (2006) asserts that the density of wave energy just below ocean surface is five times higher than the density of energy of wind 20m above the sea surface, and 20 to 30 times than the density of solar energy. The theoretical potential of electricity production by using of waves is enormous, according to Tulloch (2010); it can reach up to 80,000 Terawatt hours a year, â€Å"almost five times the world’s annual electricity consumption†. Drew et al (2009) mention several other characteristics of ocean waves providing significant advantages of using them for ener gy production: Ocean wave’s energy is solar energy in its concentrated form. Cruz (2008) describes the process of wave creation as follows: â€Å"the sun produces temperature differences across the globe, causing winds that blow over the ocean surface. These cause ripples, which grow into swells.† (p.1) Ocean waves are distinguished by the highest level of energy density in comparing with other energy sources. Brooke (2006) asserts that the density of wave energy just below ocean surface is five times higher than the density of energy of wind 20m above the sea surface, and 20 to 30 times than the density of solar energy. The theoretical potential of electricity production by using of waves is enormous, according to Tulloch (2010); it can reach up to 80,000 Terawatt hours a year, â€Å"almost five times the world’s annual electricity consumption†. Drew et al (2009) mention several other characteristics of ocean waves providing significant advantages of usi ng them for energy production:†¢ Relatively low negative environmental impact. It is generally considered that using of waves as the source of renewable energy does not cause CO2 emissions.†¢ Waves are much stronger in winter by nature, so seasonal variability of their energy follows the electricity demand in temperate climates.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Waves also can transfer energy on large distances with little losses.†¢ Wave power devices can produce electricity up to 90 percent of the time, while wind and solar power devices only 20–30 percent (p.888).

Questions on Laws in UK Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Questions on Laws in UK - Assignment Example An example of this is the Dutch Bureau of Agricultural Land Management which is responsible for the buying of plots of a farmland in rural areas. This organization, as existing shareholders also enjoys pre-emptive rights over the purchase of all such land. Another example is the Flemish Land Company in Belgium who are entitled to override other candidates and buy out farmland should it be up for sale. (OECD, 1998, p.22) b) There are certain exceptions or disapplication of pre-emption rights. They are as follows. The right of pre-emption is not applicable to the sale of treasury shares, held by the company, i.e. issue of equity shares as given by section 560(2) (b) of the Companies Act 2006. Since Treasury shares are bonds or gifts of the government, no pre-emptive rights may be applied to them. If the directors of a company are given the power to allot equity shares by an article of the government or by a special resolution adopted by the concerned company (as stated in section 561 o f the Companies Act), the pre-emption will not apply. Even if it does apply, the allotment of equity shares will be done with some modifications as per the directors’ decisions. ... It is advisable for a company to take its own decisions for optimality. A company may decide that the pre-emption rights will not apply to a specified allotment of shares or it shall apply with some modifications stated in the resolution. The company may do this by putting a special resolution into effect. (Companies Act 2006, Elizabeth II, Part 46, n.d, p.276) If the resolution of the company benefits it and all its shareholders, it this move is welcome but if it is taken due to personal grudges between members of the management, it will lead to injustice and unfairness and harm the company. Answer: 2 a) â€Å"A Business Angel investor is a high-net-worth individual, who typically provides capital, in the form of debt or equity from his or her own funds to a small private business owned and operated by someone else who is neither a friend nor a family member†. (Talmor & Vasvari, 2011, p.16.1) A Venture Capitalist, on the other hand, is â€Å"not only a financier but also eit her an intelligent evaluator who performs due diligence on ventures, a venture’s partner who can add value to the venture, or both†. (Cumming, 2010, p.299) There are some advantages enjoyed by the Business Angels over Venture Capitalists. They are given as follows. i) The transaction costs incurred by business angels are much less than the transaction cost of venture capitalists. The transaction cost for business angels lies between the ranges of $100,000-2,000,000 whereas that for venture capitalists is higher than $2,000,000. ii) The operations of business angels are geographically more dispersed than those of venture capitalists. The existence of venture capitalists is limited to a few areas where there are many

Centre for Renewable Energy Sources Literature review

Centre for Renewable Energy Sources - Literature review Example Ocean wave’s energy is solar energy in its concentrated form. Cruz (2008) describes the process of wave creation as follows: â€Å"the sun produces temperature differences across the globe, causing winds that blow over the ocean surface. These cause ripples, which grow into swells.† (p.1) Ocean waves are distinguished by the highest level of energy density in comparing with other energy sources. Brooke (2006) asserts that the density of wave energy just below ocean surface is five times higher than the density of energy of wind 20m above the sea surface, and 20 to 30 times than the density of solar energy. The theoretical potential of electricity production by using of waves is enormous, according to Tulloch (2010); it can reach up to 80,000 Terawatt hours a year, â€Å"almost five times the world’s annual electricity consumption†. Drew et al (2009) mention several other characteristics of ocean waves providing significant advantages of using them for ener gy production: Ocean wave’s energy is solar energy in its concentrated form. Cruz (2008) describes the process of wave creation as follows: â€Å"the sun produces temperature differences across the globe, causing winds that blow over the ocean surface. These cause ripples, which grow into swells.† (p.1) Ocean waves are distinguished by the highest level of energy density in comparing with other energy sources. Brooke (2006) asserts that the density of wave energy just below ocean surface is five times higher than the density of energy of wind 20m above the sea surface, and 20 to 30 times than the density of solar energy. The theoretical potential of electricity production by using of waves is enormous, according to Tulloch (2010); it can reach up to 80,000 Terawatt hours a year, â€Å"almost five times the world’s annual electricity consumption†. Drew et al (2009) mention several other characteristics of ocean waves providing significant advantages of usi ng them for energy production:†¢ Relatively low negative environmental impact. It is generally considered that using of waves as the source of renewable energy does not cause CO2 emissions.†¢ Waves are much stronger in winter by nature, so seasonal variability of their energy follows the electricity demand in temperate climates.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Waves also can transfer energy on large distances with little losses.†¢ Wave power devices can produce electricity up to 90 percent of the time, while wind and solar power devices only 20–30 percent (p.888).

Measuring the Enthalpy Change for the reaction Essay Example for Free

Measuring the Enthalpy Change for the reaction Essay Observation: 1) To start with, the copper sulphate solution is transparent blue colour. 2) At the fourth minute, using the glass rod to stir the solution as the Zinc powder is placed into the solution, the colour changes into dark turquoise and the solution fizzes due to the chemical change. 3) The Zinc powder then dissolves in the solution. 4) As I stir the solution, the colour changes to grey with black precipitate. 5) Then, the solution gradually changes from grey to black with black precipitate. At the twelfth minute, the black precipitate dissolves yet the solution continues to fizz showing the chemical reaction is still taking place. After collecting the data and recording my observations, I then draw a linear graph in order to work out the temperature rise which occurred at the fourth minute. I decided to draw my graph landscape as I figured out that drawing the graph landscape is the best method to draw the conclusion and working out the temperature rise as the data are more spread out so I can draw out a more accurate measurement. After working out the change in temperature from the graph, I will then use the value to calculate the heat given out (in Joules) during the experiment. The equation that I will be using is: q = mc ?T Hence, q = 4.18 x 28.1 x 50.0 = 5872.9 J Moles of aq copper sulphate used in the experiment: Volume x concentration = 50.0 x 0.500 = 0.0250 moles 1000 1000 Moles of Zinc power used in the experiment: Mass = 4.761 = 0.07283 mr 65.37 =0.0728(3s.f) In the method given, I was asked to weigh out the mass of the Zinc powder between 4.5g and 5g. This shows that the reagent Zinc is in excess as the mass of Zinc does not effect the outcome of the results. The limiting reagent for this experiment is copper sulphate solution. Hence, I will be using the moles of copper sulphate to work out the rest of the calculation in the experiment. I will then use the values that I have worked out from the previous calculation to work out that molar enthalpy change for the reaction: ?H = -q = -5872.9 = -234.9 Moles x 1000 0.0250 x 1000 = -235(3s.f) Note: This is assuming that the experiment is under standard condititions. During this experiment, I must also consider the errors into account as they could affect the overall results. The apparatus that I used for this experiment is the most likely cause of error for example, transferring the Zinc powder from the weighing boat to the polystyrene cup is an error as there would be Zinc powder leftover on the weighing boat but in this investigation, it would not be the case as Zinc powder is in excess so the error would not take into account. First of all, I will work out the maximum percentage error in using each piece of the apparatus. This is to ensure that I have include all the possible errors in the apparatus and so that I can comment on whether if the apparatus contributes in affecting the overall results. The maximum percentage error in apparatus: Error in balance = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.001g = 0.001 X 100 4.761 = 0.02100 %( 4s.f) Error in the thermometer = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.2 = 0.2 X 100 28.1 = 0.7117 %( 4s.f) Error in 50ml burette pipette= à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.05 = 0.05 X100 50.0 = 0.1% Overall maximum percentage error= 0.8327% = 0.833% (3s.f) Hence, after working out the maximum percentage error, I can use the figure to estimate the degree of uncertainty in my enthalpy change. The enthalpy change is -235 in 3s.f. I have decided to use 3s.f as an appropriate degree of accuracy so the maximum percentage error 0.8327% will be 0.833% in s.f. In my opinion, the maximum percentage error is small so therefore I dont think it will effect my enthalpy change to an extent as the smaller the number of the maximum percentage error, then the more accurate my enthalpy change will be. I also thought of including the error of the stopwatch but it wouldnt affect the maximum percentage error much so therefore I decided to exclude it from my calculation as the error is tiny and can be discarded. Conclusion The reaction between Zinc and Copper Sulphate solution is an exothermic reaction meaning that the reaction releases heat to its surrounding. Therefore, theoretically, the temperature of the solution would increase when the reaction is taking place. This is proven in my results table as when I added the Zinc powder to Copper Sulphate solution at the fourth minute, the temperature dramatically increase from 19.2à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C to 40.2à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C. The reaction is spontaneous as the temperature increase very rapidly and then gradually slowing down in the later time interval. From my graph, I have drawn the best fit line for the data that I plotted onto the graph to show a trend that the temperature gradually decrease after a set amount of time. The best fit line proves the accuracy of my results as the best fit line crosses most of the data that I plotted which shows that the data that I collected is reasonably reliable. The best fit line also helps me to identify the anomalies of my values as I can clearly distinguish the anomalies from my values by using the best fit line. However, I must also take into account of the two anomalies which I circled on the graph and these points do not respond to the trend of the values. This may be due to the possible errors that could have taken place during the experiment. For example, at the fifth minute after that Zinc powder has been added, the temperature that I collected (40.2à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C) is an anomaly as it does not fit into the best fit line. This may be due to the fact that I havent stirred the solution properly with the glass rod so the heat may not spread through some parts of the solution so by recording the solution with the thermometer, I may receive an unreliable value so therefore I must take into account that it is important to stir the solution vigorously to ensure that the heat is spread out throughout the solution and to ensure that the precipitate has completely dissolved and no sludge remained. In order to see how well the performance of my results are, I will need to use the theoretical value of the enthalpy change and compare it with the value of my enthalpy change so that I can see how far my value is from the correct value. The theoretical values that I used are from the chemistry data book; JG Stark, H G Wallace, 1982, Chemistry data book, page 57. The values that are used for Copper aq and Zinc aq are: By using the Hess Law, I will work out the theoretical enthalpy change by using these values from the data book. = -(+64.4) + (-152.4) = -216.8 Kjmolà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ I will then compare my value with the theoretical value of the enthalpy change. To do this, i will work out the percentage difference between my experimental value and the theoretical value. This is to see how big the percentage difference between my value and the theoretical value as the smaller the percentage, the more accurate my value will be to the theoretical value. So first, I will work out the difference between my experimental value and the theoretical value. -216.8-(-234.916) = 18.116 Kjmolà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Then, I will use this value to find the percentage difference between my experimental value and the theoretical value.

Factors Affecting Life Insurance Agent Turn Over Commerce Essay

Factors Affecting Life Insurance Agent Turn Over Commerce Essay This case study aims to explore factors commonly believed to affect life insurance agent turn over. Several factors has been affected to life insurance agent turnover. The factors are demographic, organizational and selling skill factors. Factor demographic are age,length of service, family size and responsibility, education,martial status and . Second the organizational factors consist of employee commitment, employee satisfaction, compensation. training and development, supervisor-agent relationship and organizational Culture. Third factors are seling skils consist of running out client list, lack of interpersonal skills,lack of salesmanship skills. Impact of all factors has been positive significat to turn over. Keywords: Life insurance agent, turn over, demographic, organizational, selling skill Introduction Turnover of life insurance agent is a classic problem that occurs in almost all insurance companys, therefore it is becomes important for them because it associated with the development of the companies. Agent development was surved by many research companys and one of them is LIMRA Life Insurance Marketing and Research association (LIMRA). They publication in 2005 has been results, 68% of agents to end his career in the insurance companies in the first 2 years on their career .(Honans, 2006). Honan pointed out that some agents often voluntarily leave from one company to another for company or make own business for themselves. Beside that agents are asked to leave due to not achived minimum target requirements, than there are agents turn over 31% with a 4-year retention rate of 14% according LIMRA survey. In Indonesia survey for agent development very periochial, we only found about growth as insurance companies. Base on survey Indonesian economy in 2010, as reflected in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased by 14.4% from Rp5,614.3 trillion in 2009 to Rp6,422.9 trillion in 2010. Within the same period, gross premium income of insurance industry increased by 17,5% from Rp106.4 trillion in 2009 to Rp125.1 trillion in 2010. Thus, the ratio of gross premium to GDP increased in 2010 from 1.90% to 1.95%. As of the end of December 2010, there were 377 companies having business licenses to operate in Indonesia which consist of 142 insurance and reinsurance companies, and 235 insurance business supporting companies. The insurance and reinsurance companies consist of 46 life insurance companies, 87 non life insurance companies, 4 reinsurance companies, 2 companies administering social insurance program and workers social security, and 3 companies administering insurance for civil servants and armed forces / police. The number of life and non life insurance companies per 31 December 2010 is the lowest for last five years (Indonesia Insurance 2010). The other hand survey all staff turn over has been done by the global management consulting firm Hay Group Hay Group .Base on their survey rate of staff turnover in Indonesia was increased The research was shown that the Indonesian insurance industrys turnover in 2007 is at 10.7% and 12.7% in 2008. The research indicated that salary increase is the most cited reason for job hopping. The study suggests that companies must make a continuous effort to create an attractive working environment to retain employees. In general, people have bought insurance product based on 20% of the benefits of the product, 20% was seen the background of the insurance companies and 60% depending on agent offered. Because the Indonesian people in general are prefer interacting and their want to get more detailed information directly from agent. Hence to said insurance agent is the vanguard of the company. The purpose of this study is to explore factors commonly believed to affect life insurance agent turn over in the JV Insurance Indonesia. Furthermore, a case study of turn over is presented to show the impact of turn over in the JV Insurance Indonesia. In order to ensure the confidentiality, the name of company has changed, so that the informations indicated do not affect the reputation of the company The JV Insurance Indonesia. The JV Insurance Indonesia belongs to JV Group of Companies, the largest life insurance group in Singapore and Malaysia with its two distribution channels the tied agency and bancassurance.The JV Insurance Indonesia started its operation in Indonesia in1996, with headquarters in Jakarta and several Sales Offices in big cities in Indonesia. The JV Group is a subsidiary of O Bank, the second largest financial services group in Southeast Asia by assets. It is among the worlds highest rated banks, with a long term credit rating of Aa1 from Moodys. It is also ranked by Bloomberg Markets as the worlds strongest bank. Since 1908, The JV Group has a strong legacy of putting you first. We make life great by providing financial security, and promoting good health and meaningful relationships. With our comprehensive suite of plans to meet your every need, you can be assured of true peace of mind. Literature Review Insurance Agents Insurance agents are primarily responsible for searching, collecting, selling insurance products and other financial services. Knowledge agents on selling product have been considered equal to company knowledge. Misconduct of an agents are responsibility of the company; This are bind company to clients. Notice from clients to insurance agents, as same as to the insurance company. (http://www.aaji.or.id/InfoCenter/Dictionary.aspx) Turnover Turnover is defined as the number of people who leave a job or organization (DeNisi Griffin, 2008). Cascio and Boudreau (2008) said that a more appropriate way to define turnover is to consider, not only separation, but also the replacement of employees leaving. Turnover in the organization has become a very investigated area (eg, Marsh Mannari, 1977; Mobley, 1977,1982; Bluedorn, 1982; Horner, Hollingsworth, 1978. Cotton Tuttle, 1986; Mathieu Zajac, 1990; Babkus, Cravens, Johnston, Moncrief 1996;; Gaertner, 1999; Hom Griffeth, 1995; Rhodes, Eisenberger, Armeli, , 2001; Meyer et al, 2002; Alleyna, 2002; Zacharatos, Herschcovis, Turner, Barling, 2007; Hong, Wei, Chen, 2007; Clark, 2007). Turnover can lead to loss of productivity, quality of service interruption, lost of business opportunities, and demoralized employees who live (Hom Griffeth, 1995; Mobley, 1982). Limiting turnover would be beneficial to organization. Insurance Agents and Turnover Empirical research on the insurance agents and turnover is limited. Current statistics indicate the turnover rate of 85% for women and 81% for males four-years model (Huffman, 2007). This statistic is an increase from two years earlier that showed the overall turnover of 89% in 2005 (Brown, 2004) and 86% in 2004 (Higgins, 2003) using a 4-year retention rate. While the turnover rate has increased, losing more than 80% of the industrial workforce for the past four years is quite expensive. Muise (2007) showed that 28% of U.S. insurance agents hired in early 2006 were not employed with the same company at the end of 2006. Moreover, the greatest loss occurs before the second year employment is complete. Huffman (2007) determined that 62% of women and 53% men are no longer employed by the same insurance company at the end of two years. Berris and Jackson (2008) notes that turnover was the biggest frustration for managers, owners and employees of the insurance companies. It is clear that i nsurance agents are a valuable commodity in the field of insurance. Sadly, there are not sufficent agents to adequately serve the community. In addition, retention is at a staggering low level while recruitment cannot compete with the speed of the insurance agents leave the industry. In addition, turnover is a consistent problem that inhibits the insurance industry. Determining the factors that increase retention and minimize the necessary intention to leave for the insurance industry to continue to thrive. There are many factors that cause an employee to intent to leave the organization. The research was not all encompassing. This study only offered additional information to the body of knowledge. Prior studies and research in the future will continue to add to the body of knowledge considering employees intent to leave the organization. Problem Description The company is a complex organization that consists of many resources, one of which is human resources. One of problems in corporate human resources is inten to leave of employee impress of agent turn over, If agent has a sense of satisfaction in work or enviroment of company, then the agent would demonstrate good personally in companies. Base on theory, job satisfaction is negatively related to employee turnover, higher job satisfaction associated with low turnover, whereas the less satisfied employees show higher turnover. But in the current conditions of the country of Indonesia with a high unemployment rate and lack of alternative work, will lead to a lot of people would think twice about leaving their job, they prefer to stay in their job even though it may in fact employees are not satisfied with the work. Based on the pre-survey in the JV Insurance Indonesia was found in 2011 a common problem associated with the employee is the employee dissatisfaction on commision factors and the relationship between superior and subordinate that makes some employees who are not satisfied will resign his job. It marked the turnover rate of employees in the BL Insurance Indonesia in 2011 is higher in the amount of 20.60% depend on 5,76 % in 2010. This is certainly very interesting to study further. Is there job satisfaction associated with employee turnover rate in the companys current condition? Based on the mentioned hence the issues will be investigated in this study are: 1. What factors that can influenced turn over rate of insurance agents of The JV Insurance Indonesia? 2. How is improvement efforts need to be implemented by the JV Insurance Indonesia to enhance employee satisfaction and reduce the levels of turnover occurring? STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Considering all these issues study determines its Factors Affecting Life Insurance Agent Turnover (case study in The JV Insurance Indonesia ) FINDING Demograpic analysis Demographic factors may influence the occurrence of turnover. Those factors are age, length of service, education, family size and responsibility and marital status. Age The result of these study show that the majority of respondent are young agent. Young agent indicate a higher turnover rate than workers with older. Previous research shows there is a strong negative relationship between age and turnover, The negative relationships that exists in these studies mean as age increase the rate of turrnover decreases, Older agents are reluctant to move because of work and family responsibilities and they do not want to work from the beginning in a new place. They do not get comfortable even though their will get a new salary and more facilities more bigger. The length of service The length of service as define by Bluedorn (1982;140) is the amount of time an individual has been a member of organisation. The result of these study has been indicated a negative relationship between length of service and turnover, Its mean the agent with shorter length of service with an organisation are more likely to leave Family size and responsibility Stone and athelstan (1969) who studied turnove among famales shows that there is positive relationship between increses in family size and increased tendencies to turnover. This contrast in the findings on the impact of family size among male and female turnover can be simply explained by the typical rule of traditional sex-role differentiation in the family Education Recent studies dealing with education, suggest that there is evidence to link better-educated agents with higher rates of turnover than less-educated agents. The result of these study has been indicated a positive relationship between education and turnover Marital Status Several previous studies have demonstrated the relationship between marital status and labor turnover. Unmarried agent are more likely to leave a job compared to married agent. The result of these study has been indicated a positve relationship between marital status and turnover. That means single agent have higher turnover than that of married agent. Organizational Factors analysis Several researchers have examined the turnover problem as a consequence of high turnover or excessively costly to the organization (North et al., 2005). Previous research has shown that many considerations affected to the decision to leave a company. Quantitative and qualitative research studies have shown correlative patterns that can both explain and predict agent turnover. The literature on agent turnover is very broad. The shortage of workers significantly impact overall organizational effectiveness and employee spirit (Bame, 1993; Fitzpatrick, 2002; Harrington, Zimmerman, Karon, Robinson, Beutel, 2000). When agent turnover becomes excessive , productivity suffers, decreased services, increased cost, and leaves the knowledge of the firm (Drucker, 1998; Fitzpatrick, 2002; Shaw, Gupta, Delery, 2002). Employee Commitment The relationship between agent commitment and tendency to either stay with or leave an organization has been the source of much academic inquiry (Blau, 1985; Meyer, Allen, Smith, 1993; Morrow, 1983). Commitment to job or the employer has been the subject of confusion because of different definitions for the concept of commitment (Morrow, 1983). Meyer and Allen (1991) define organizational commitment as a psychological state that (a) the character of the relationship between employees and the organization, and (b) has implications for the decision to continue or discontinue membership in the organization (p. 61). This could take shape in the way employees become emotionally attached to or identify with an organization, the fear of losing their commitment and identity with an organization, or a sense of obligation to an employer (Meyer Allen, 1991). Based on emotional commitment, two main directions of research that appears (a) studies examining agents emotional commitment agents and (b) studies examining attitudinal commitments. Agents commitment has affected the turnover rate. in these study showed little their commitment to an company. Employee Satisfaction Employee satisfaction has the effect of work-related outcomes such as job performance, commitment to an organization, discretionary activities, absenteeism, turnover, and delays (Hulin Judge, 2003; Johns, 2001, Judge, Parker, Colbert, Heller, Ilies, 2001; Warr, 1999) Employee satisfaction is one that affects the turnover can be divided into three sub-categories: (a) dispositional, (b) situational, and (c) integrational (Arvey, Carter, Buerkley, 1991; 2001 Judge et al.) In these study suggests there is a tendency not fulfilled employee satisfaction Compensation Compensation affected the agent retention strategies (Corporate Leadership Council, 1999, Williams Sunderland, 1999). Many studies show that compensation was a key determinant retention (Dreher, 1982; Gerhart Milkovich, 1992; Griffeth, Hom, Gaertner, 2000; Harrison, Virick, Williams, 1996; Porter Lawler, 1968; Schwab, 1991; Steers Mowday, 1981). there are variations of several studies have shown that compensation for increased performance (Milkovich Newman, 1996). Other researchers have questioned the premise that retention is connected to compensation (Kim, 1999; Kohn, 1993; Pfeffer, 1998). Pay-for-performance structures have been studied for their impact on individual performance improvement (Jenkins, Mitra, Gupta, Shaw, 1998) and organizational performance (Gerhart, 2000). Because a lot of insurance companies pay their agents based on commission, not salary, they do not making enough money from commission may realize that they will not be able to fulfill their basic necess ities and may need to look elsewhere for work. In these study compensation has affected the performance of the agent to remain in a company. Training and Development According to some previous studies the effects of training and development programs have reduced turnover. That program on employee development has shown that improving agent skills as a result. Martin (2003) asserts that there is a complex relationship between turnover and employee development. Martin found that increased the skills of workers on the job resulted in a lower rate of turnover for the organization.. Supervisor-agent Relationship This study is the relationship between agent and supervisor. The quality of that relationship affects the commitment of the agent (Galagan, 2000; Kaye and Jordan-Evans, 2000; Kinni von Hoffman, 2000; Tulgan, 2001). These study has shown that voluntary turnover is due to the low quality of the supervisor-agent relationship (Dobbs, 2001; Kaye and Jordan-Evans, 2000). Supervisor-agent relationship quality assessed by the effectiveness and communication styles between the two sides. In the supervisor-agent studies and their impact on motivation and job satisfaction, the differences in communication styles have been neglected to date (Mayfield, Mayfield, Kopf, 1995, 1998; Sharbrough, Simmons, Cantrill, 2006 Organizational Culture The study of effects cultural organization have been at the retention of employees show there is a strong correlation between organizational culture and turnover (Galagan, 2000; Kaye Jordan-Evans, 2000; Kinni von Hoffman, 2000; Salopek, 2000). Work environment or organizational culture where relationships are based on trust and integrity, the staff is treated as a unique individual, and personal relationships taken care positively impact employee turnover. Good relationships between supervisors and agent or between agents and agents affect the decision to stay or leave a company (Friedrich, 2001; Morrison Chan, 2000). Instead, the results showed that the stress levels of employees, lack of support from supervisors or management,, and non-empowering work environment had negative effect on turnover (Friedrich, 2001; Hemingway Smith, 1999). Sales Skills Sales skills factors caused insurance agent turn over. There factors are consist of Running out client list Running out client list due to agents have been limited relationship held and the lack of ability to build relationships with new people. They were afraid ask for references from their clients Lack of interpersonal skill Agents are not motivated due to lack of support from managers to provide encouragement and the assistance required. They were not given enough motivation to remain in the company. Lack of salesmanship. Agents had been unable to selling product because they were not received training on how to selling a good product, lot of agents do not have a background in marketing and insurance so that they had difficulty in adapting the marketing environment Discussion Turnover agent has been affected by job satisfaction. Job satisfaction can be broken down into short-term assessment and long-term assessment. Short-term assessment is the intention to leave the company before 1 year. Long-term assessment in relation to intention to leave in the next 24 months. Respondents indicated that the commission, rewards and benefits are part of the top level in the short term. Gifts of money, non-monetary rewards and appreciation even considered as an important reason to consider when deciding to leave in the short term. Factors such as operating procedures, the nature of work, organizational communication, co-workers, and supervisors are most strongly associated with intention to leave in the short term. Factors of working enviroment, good career opportunities, and communication around the organization in the long term will occurred for agent, they will be becomes important when considering leaving within the next two years. Operating procedure is still the most important and minimal supervision can still be considered in turnover. Overall, in the short term, the five strongest factors to consider reducing the intention to leave in the next year including affective commitment, commitment to sustainability, contingen awards, commissions, and benefits. The five least important factor for respondents in the short term include normative commitment, operating procedures, justice, information, monitoring, and nature of work. Suggestions for minimizing turnover Companies should improve the recruitment agent system. companies create training programs that aim to meet the needs of agents such as how to increase ability to sell products and good approach to clients. The company should require agents to have an agency license Companies must improve operating system procedures, so that agents can smoothly in administrative affairs. Designing forms used for agent activity in selling products The company should improve the system of compensation, bonuses and awards. The company established a corporate culture for all employees, especially convenient for the agent. Improving relationship between supervisor and agent, thus forming a mutually beneficial relationship between two parties Conslusion These study revealed interesting results regarding intent to quit before 1 year. Most agents were satisfied and had no intent to quit in 6 and 12 months. Several economic and demographic factors like comission and age did not affect agent intent to quit before 1 year. In marital status factors almost half of unattached employees, such as single, widowed, and divorced agent had intent to quit before 1 year. The result shown that a higher percentage of unattached agents intent to quit before 1 year and had lower organizational commitment. In organization commitment factor was lack of organization commitment that contributed to the external factors, such as downsizing and outsourcing. Also, unattached agent have minimal risks with intent to quit due to less years invested and limited retirement investments. The results revealed that married agent no intent to quit due to high organization commitment, in order to maintain family responsibilities and future retirement. The relationship between commision and turnover is significant. Agents anticipate their sacrifice of time, energy and completion of job responsibilities to be demonstrated through rewards, such as reward and bonuses. When rewards and bonuses are not sufficient, then employees feel unappreciated and dissatisfied. As a result, negative attitudes and behaviors are demonstrated through minimal job performance and productivity like low achived premium target . In addition, negative attitudes and productivity increase agents intent to quit from company for additional experience and skills for potential career advancements. Similar to commision, promotions contribute to agents intent to quit in 1 year. However, insufficient commition and limited promotions increase agents intent to quit from organizations, in order to obtain additional experience and skills for higher commition and future career advancements. Future research and Limitations The limitation of these research identified the collection of data from a small site in Jakarta Indonesia to generalize to a large population of employees in the insurance industry. Future research is needed to obtain feedback from a larger sample rather than a smaller sample of the population. Future research will enable levels of management and human resource programs to enhance existing and incorporate additional programs to accommodate a diversified population of employees. Another area of future research includes modifications with the demographic survey. The survey used in the study did not include variables, such as status of education.